Penyakit-ginjal |
Fungsi Ginjal
Ginjal adalah organ penting yang mempunyai fungsi sebagai filter, namun ginjal juga memiliki fungsi lain yaitu :
- Mengekskresi zat urea, amoniak, asam urat, creatinin, bacteri dan sisa obat-obatan yang merugikan bagi tubuh.
- Mengekskresi kelebihan gula dalam darah.
- Mempertahankan tekanan osmotik ekstraseslular.
- Mengatur ke-seimbangan asam basa darah dan,
- Ginjal mempertahankan pH plasma darah.
Penyakit ginjal diklasifikasikan kedalam dua bagian yaitu penyakit ginjal merupakan cacat bawaan dan di dapat sebagai berikut :
Bawaan :
- Asidosis tubulus renalis
- Congenital hydroneprosis
- Duplicated ureter
- Ginjal sepatu kuda
- Renal dysplasia
- Unilateral small kidney
- Congenital obstruction of urinary tract
- Diabetic nephropaty
- Glomerulonephritis
- Hydronephrosis
- Intertitial nephritis
- Batu ginjal
- Tumor ginjal
- Lupus nephritis
- Minimal change disease
- Pyelonephritis
- Gagal ginjal
Gejala pada penyakit ginjal sangat bervariasi tergantung pada penyebab yang mendasarinya, namun secara umum sebagai berikut :
- Nyeri pinggang yang mendasar
- Nyeri pada saat berkemih/ buang air kecil
- Urin bercampur darah
- Menggigil atau demam
- Udeum/ bengkak pada pergelangan kaki dan jika ditekan meninggalkan bekas tekanan.
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